REC 3
Notification rules for UK recognised bodies
REC 3.1
Application and purpose
- 01/12/2004
Application
REC 3.1.1
See Notes
- (1) The notification rules in this chapter, which are made under section 293 of the Act (Notification requirements), apply to all UK recognised bodies.
- (2) The rules relating to the form and method of notification in REC 3.2 also apply to overseas recognised bodies.
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REC 3.1.2
See Notes
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REC 3.1.3
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
Purpose
REC 3.1.4
See Notes
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REC 3.2
Form and method of notification
- 01/12/2004
Form of notification
REC 3.2.1
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
Method of notification
REC 3.2.2
See Notes
Unless otherwise stated in the notification rule, a written notification required from a recognised body under any notification rule must be:
- (1) given to, or addressed for the attention of, the recognised body's usual supervisory contact at the FSA;
- (2) delivered to the FSA by one of the methods in REC 3.2.3 R.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.2.3
See Notes
Methods of notification
Method of delivery | |
(1) | Post to the address in REC 3.2.4 R |
(2) | Leaving the notification at the address in REC 3.2.4 R and obtaining a time-stamped receipt |
(3) | Electronic mail to an address for the recognised body's usual supervisory contact at the FSA and obtaining an electronic confirmation of receipt |
(4) | Hand delivery to the recognised body's usual supervisory contact at the FSA |
(5) | Fax to a fax number for the recognised body's usual supervisory contact at the FSA, provided that the FSA receives a copy of the notification by one of methods (1) - (4) in this table within five business days after the date of the faxed notification |
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REC 3.2.4
See Notes
The Financial Services Authority
25 The North Colonnade
Canary Wharf
London E14 5HS
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Timely notification
REC 3.2.5
See Notes
If a notification rule requires notification within a specified period:
- (1) the recognised body must give the notification so as to be received by the FSA no later than the end of that period; and
- (2) if the end of that period falls on a day which is not a business day, the notification must be given so as to be received by the FSA no later than the first business day after the end of that period.
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Service of Notice Regulations
REC 3.2.6
See Notes
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REC 3.3
Waivers
- 01/12/2004
Statutory power
REC 3.3.1
See Notes
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- 21/06/2001
REC 3.3.3
See Notes
Under section 294(4) of the Act, before the FSA may give a waiver of notification rules, it must be satisfied that:
- (1) compliance by the recognised body with those notification rules, or with those rules as unmodified, would be unduly burdensome or would not achieve the purpose for which those rules were made; and
- (2) the waiver would not result in undue risk to persons whose interests those rules are designed to protect.
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Applications
REC 3.3.4
See Notes
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REC 3.3.5
See Notes
There is no application form, but applicants should make their application formally and in writing and in accordance with any direction the FSA may make under section 294(2) of the Act. Each application should set out at least:
- (1) full particulars of the waiver which is requested;
- (2) the reason why the recognised body believes that the criteria set out in section 294(4) (and described in REC 3.3.3 G) would be met, if this waiver were granted; and
- (3) where the recognised body believes that these criteria would be met if the FSA gave a waiver under section 294 subject to any condition, particulars of the kind of condition contemplated.
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REC 3.3.6
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
Waivers
REC 3.3.7
See Notes
Any waiver given by the FSA under section 294 of the Act will be made in writing, stating:
- (1) the name of the recognised body in respect of which the waiver is made;
- (2) the notification rules which are to be waived or modified in respect of that body;
- (3) where relevant, the manner in which any rule is to be modified;
- (4) any condition or time limit to which the waiver is subject; and
- (5) the date from which the waiver is to take effect.
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REC 3.3.8
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.3.9
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
Reviews of waivers
REC 3.3.10
See Notes
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REC 3.4
Key individuals and internal organisation
- 01/12/2004
Purpose
REC 3.4.1
See Notes
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Key individuals
REC 3.4.2
See Notes
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REC 3.4.3
See Notes
- (1) Key individuals include the persons who, under the operational or managerial arrangements of the UK recognised body, are appointed to manage the departments responsible for carrying out its relevant functions, whether or not they are members of its governing body. A person appointed to carry out specific tasks, such as to conduct a particular investigation into a specific set of facts, would not usually be a key individual.
- (2) A key individual need not be an employee of a UK recognised body. For example, an employee of an undertaking in the same group or a self-employed contractor of a UK recognised body might be a key individual, depending on the role he plays in that body.
- (3) A department of a UK recognised body should be regarded as responsible for carrying out a relevant function if it is responsible for any activity or activities which form a significant part of a relevant function or which make a significant contribution to the performance of a relevant function.
- (4) The FSA does not need to be notified where minor changes are made to the responsibilities of a key individual, but where a major change in responsibilities is made which amounts to a new appointment, the FSA should be notified under REC 3.4.2 R.
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REC 3.4.4
See Notes
The following information is specified for the purposes of REC 3.4.2 R:
- (1) where a person has been appointed or elected as a key individual:
- (a) that person's name;
- (b) his date of birth;
- (c) a description of the responsibilities which he will have in the post to which he has been appointed or elected; or
- (2) where a person has resigned as or otherwise ceased to be a key individual, that person's name.
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Standing committees
REC 3.4.5
See Notes
Where the governing body of a UK recognised body delegates any of its functions (which relate to that UK recognised body's relevant functions) to a standing committee, or appoints a standing committee to manage or oversee the carrying out of any of that UK recognised body's relevant functions, that UK recognised body must immediately notify the FSA of that event and give the FSA the following information:
- (1) the names of the members of that standing committee; and
- (2) the terms of reference of that standing committee (including a description of any powers delegated to that committee and any conditions or limitations placed on the exercise of those powers).
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REC 3.4.6
See Notes
Where:
- (1) there is any change in the composition or the terms of reference of any standing committee referred to in REC 3.4.5 R; or
- (2) any such committee is dissolved;
the UK recognised body must immediately notify the FSA of that event and give particulars of any change referred to in (1) to the FSA.
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REC 3.4.7
See Notes
- (1) Standing committees include permanent committees with executive, supervisory, policy-making or rule-making responsibilities. Committees appointed for particular tasks or committees established for purely consultative or advisory purposes would not usually be considered to be standing committees.
- (2) Committees which include persons who are not members of the governing body can be standing committees.
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REC 3.5
Disciplinary action and events relating to key individuals
- 01/12/2004
Disciplinary action
REC 3.5.1
See Notes
Where any key individual of a UK recognised body:
- (1) is the subject of any disciplinary action because of concerns about his alleged misconduct;
- (2) resigns as a result of an investigation into his alleged misconduct; or
- (3) is dismissed for misconduct;
that body must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and give the information specified for the purposes of this rule in REC 3.5.2 R.
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REC 3.5.2
See Notes
The following information is specified for the purposes of REC 3.5.1 R:
- (1) the name of the key individual and his responsibilities within the UK recognised body;
- (2) details of the acts or alleged acts of misconduct by that key individual; and
- (3) details of any disciplinary action which has been or is proposed to be taken by that body in relation to that key individual.
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Other events
REC 3.5.3
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body becomes aware that any of the following events has occurred in relation to a key individual, it must immediately give the FSA notice of that event:
- (1) a petition for bankruptcy is presented (or similar or analogous proceedings under the law of a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom are commenced) against that key individual; or
- (2) a bankruptcy order (or a similar or analogous order under the law of a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom) is made against him; or
- (3) he enters into a voluntary arrangement (or a similar or analogous arrangement under the law of a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom) with his creditors.
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REC 3.6
Constitution and governance
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.6.1
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body is to circulate any notice or other document proposing any amendment to its memorandum or articles of association (or other similar agreement or document relating to its constitution) to:
that UK recognised body must give notice of that proposed amendment, and give the information specified for the purposes of this rule in REC 3.6.2 R to the FSA, at the same time as that notice or document is circulated.
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REC 3.6.2
See Notes
The following information is specified for the purposes of REC 3.6.1 R:
- (1) the proposed amendments referred to in REC 3.6.1 R;
- (2) the reasons for the proposal; and
- (3) a description of the group or class of persons to whom the proposal is to be circulated.
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REC 3.6.3
See Notes
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REC 3.6.4
See Notes
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REC 3.6.5
See Notes
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REC 3.6.6
See Notes
Where any change is made to an agreement which relates to the constitution or governance of a UK recognised body:
- (1) between that UK recognised body and another person; or
- (2) between the owners of that UK recognised body; or
- (3) between the owners of that UK recognised body and another person; or
- (4) between other persons;
that UK recognised body must give the FSA notice of that event as soon as it is aware of it, and give written particulars of that change and of the date on which it is to become or became effective.
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REC 3.6.7
See Notes
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REC 3.7
Auditors
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.7.1
See Notes
Where the auditors of a UK recognised body cease to act as such, that UK recognised body must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and the following information:
- (1) whether the appointment of those auditors expired or was terminated;
- (2) the date on which they ceased to act; and
- (3) if it terminated, or decided not to renew, their appointment, its reasons for taking that action or decision.
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REC 3.7.2
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body appoints new auditors, that body must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and the following information:
- (1) the name and business address of those new auditors; and
- (2) the date of their appointment as auditors.
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REC 3.8
Financial and other information
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.8.1
See Notes
A UK recognised body must give the FSA:
- (1) a copy of its annual report and accounts; and
- (2) a copy of the consolidated annual report and accounts:
- (a) of any group in which the UK recognised body is a subsidiary undertaking; or
- (b) (if the UK recognised body is not a subsidiary undertaking in any group) of any group of which the UK recognised body is a parent undertaking;
no later than the time specified for the purpose of this rule in REC 3.8.2 R.
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REC 3.8.2
See Notes
The time specified for the purpose of REC 3.8.1 R is the latest of:
- (1) four months after the end of the financial year to which the document which is to be given to the FSA relates; or
- (2) the time when the documents described in REC 3.8.1 R (1) or REC 3.8.1 R (2)(b) are sent to the members or shareholders of the UK recognised body; or
- (3) the time when the document described in REC 3.8.1 R (2)(a) are sent to the shareholders in a parent undertaking of the group to which that document relates.
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REC 3.8.3
See Notes
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REC 3.8.4
See Notes
A UK recognised body must give the FSA a copy of:
- (1) its quarterly management accounts; or
- (2) its monthly management accounts;
within one month of the end of the period to which they relate.
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REC 3.8.5
See Notes
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REC 3.8.6
See Notes
A UK recognised body must give the FSA:
- (1) a statement of its anticipated income, expenditure and cashflow for each financial year; and
- (2) an estimated balance sheet showing its position as it is anticipated at the end of each financial year;
before the beginning of that financial year.
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REC 3.8.7
See Notes
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REC 3.9
Fees and incentive schemes
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REC 3.9.1
See Notes
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REC 3.9.2
See Notes
A UK recognised body must give the FSA a summary of:
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REC 3.10
Complaints
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.10.1
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body's complaints investigator has investigated a complaint arising in connection with the performance of, or failure to perform, any of its regulatory functions, and that complaints investigator has made a recommendation in respect of that complaint that the UK recognised body should:
- (1) make a compensatory payment to any person; or
- (2) remedy the matter which was the subject of that complaint;
the UK recognised body must immediately notify the FSA of that event, and give the FSA a copy of the complaints investigator's report and particulars of his recommendations as soon as that report or those recommendations are available to it.
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REC 3.11
Insolvency events
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.11.1
See Notes
On:
- (1) the presentation of a petition for the winding up of a UK recognised body (or the commencement of any similar or analogous proceedings under the law of a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom); or
- (2) the appointment of a receiver, administrator, liquidator, trustee or sequestrator of assets of that body (or of any similar or analogous appointment under the laws of a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom); or
- (3) the making of a voluntary arrangement by that body with its creditors (or of any similar or analogous arrangement under the law of a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom);
that body must immediately give the FSA notice of that event.
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REC 3.12
Legal proceedings
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.12.1
See Notes
If any civil or criminal legal proceedings are instituted against a UK recognised body, it must, unless REC 3.12.2 R applies, immediately give notice of that event and give the following information to the FSA:
- (1) in the case of civil proceedings, the name of the claimant, particulars of the claim, the amount of damages and any other remedy sought by the claimant, and particulars of any allegation that any act or omission of that body was in bad faith; and
- (2) in the case of criminal proceedings, particulars of the offence with which that body is charged.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.12.2
See Notes
A UK recognised body is not required to give notice of civil legal proceedings or information about them to the FSA under REC 3.12.1 R, where:
- (1) the amount of damages claimed would not significantly affect that UK recognised body's financial resources, if the claim were successful;
- (2) the claim would not have a significant adverse effect on the reputation and standing of that body, if that claim were successful; and
- (3) the claim does not relate to that body's regulatory functions.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.13
Delegation of relevant functions
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.13.1
See Notes
- (1) The purpose of REC 3.13 is to enable the FSA to monitor any significant instances where UK recognised bodies outsource their functions to other persons (as they are permitted to do under Regulation 6 of the Recognition Requirements Regulations. See REC 2.2).
- (2) The FSA does not need to be notified of every instance of outsourcing by a UK recognised body, but only where an activity or activities which form a significant part of a relevant function or which make a significant contribution to the performance of a relevant function are outsourced.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.13.2
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body makes an offer or agrees to delegate any of its relevant functions to another person, it must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and:
- (1) inform the FSA of the reasons for that delegation or proposed delegation;
- (2) inform the FSA of the reasons why it is satisfied that it will continue to meet the recognition requirements following that delegation;
- (3) where it makes such an offer by issuing a written invitation to tender to another body or person, give the FSA a copy of that invitation to tender; and
- (4) where it makes such an agreement, give the FSA a copy of that agreement.
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REC 3.13.3
See Notes
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REC 3.14
Products, services and normal hours of operation
- 01/12/2004
Purpose
REC 3.14.1
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
Products and services
REC 3.14.2
See Notes
Where a UK RIE proposes to admit to trading (or to cease to admit to trading) by means of its facilities:
it must give the FSA notice of that event, and the information specified for the purposes of this rule in REC 3.14.6 R to the FSA, at the same time as that proposal is first formally communicated to its members or shareholders (or any group or class of them).
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.14.3
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body proposes to provide (or to cease to provide) clearing services in respect of:
it must, unless REC 3.14.4 R applies, give the FSA notice of that event and the information specified for the purposes of this rule in REC 3.14.6 R, at the same time as that proposal is first formally communicated to its members or shareholders (or any group or class of them).
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.14.4
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.14.5
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.14.6
See Notes
The following information is specified for the purposes of REC 3.14.2 R and REC 3.14.3 R:
- (1) a description of the specified investment to which the proposal relates;
- (2) where that specified investment is a derivative, the proposed terms of that derivative; and
- (3) in the case of a UK RIE which is admitting that specified investment to trading, the name of any RCH which will provide clearing services in respect of that specified investment under an agreement with that UK RIE.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.14.7
See Notes
Where:
- (1) a UK RIE proposes to amend the standard terms of any derivative admitted to trading by means of its facilities; or
- (2) a UK recognised body proposes to amend the standard terms relating to the provision of clearing services for any derivative in respect of which it provides clearing services;
it must give the FSA notice of that event, and written particulars of those proposed amendments, at the same time as that proposal is first formally communicated to its members or shareholders (or any group or class of them).
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REC 3.14.8
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.14.9
See Notes
The following information is specified for the purposes of REC 3.14.8 R:
- (1) a description of the assets (or types of assets) to which the proposal relates; and
- (2) the date or dates on which arrangements referred to in REC 3.14.8 R will be made (or cease to be made).
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REC 3.14.10
See Notes
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Hours of operation
REC 3.14.11
See Notes
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REC 3.15
Suspension of services and inability to operate facilities
- 01/12/2004
Purpose
REC 3.15.1
See Notes
- (1) The purpose of REC 3.15.2 R to REC 3.15.5 G is to enable the FSA to obtain information where a UK recognised body decides to suspend the provision of its services in relation to particular investments. Planned changes to the provision of services should be notified to the FSA under REC 3.14.
- (2) REC 3.15.6 R to REC 3.15.7 R provide for notification to the FSA where a UK recognised body is unable to operate or provide its facilities for reasons outside its control or where it decides to extend its hours of operation in an emergency.
- 21/06/2001
Suspension of services
REC 3.15.2
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.15.3
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.15.4
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.15.5
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
Inability to operate facilities
REC 3.15.6
See Notes
Where, because of the occurrence of any event or circumstances, a UK recognised body is unable to operate any of its facilities within its normal hours of operation, it must immediately give the FSA notice of that inability and inform the FSA:
- 21/06/2001
Extension of hours of operation
REC 3.15.7
See Notes
Where, because of the occurrence of any event or circumstances, a UK recognised body extends its hours of operation, it must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and inform the FSA:
- (1) what event or circumstance has caused it to do so;
- (2) the new hours of operation; and
- (3) the date on which it expects to revert to its normal hours of operation.
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REC 3.16
Information technology systems
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.16.1
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.16.2
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.16.3
See Notes
Where any reserve information technology system of a UK recognised body fails in such a way that, if the main information technology system of that body were also to fail, it would be unable to operate any of its facilities during its normal hours of operation, that body must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and inform the FSA:
- (1) what action that UK recognised body is taking to restore the operation of the reserve information technology system; and
- (2) when it is expected that the operation of that system will be restored.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.17
Inability to discharge regulatory functions
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.17.1
See Notes
Where, because of the occurrence of any event or circumstances, a UK recognised body is unable to discharge any regulatory function, it must immediately give the FSA notice of its inability to discharge that function, and inform the FSA:
- (1) what event or circumstance has caused it to become unable to do so;
- (2) which of its regulatory functions it is unable to discharge; and
- (3) what action, if any, it is taking or proposes to take to deal with the situation and, in particular, to enable it to recommence discharging that regulatory function.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.18
Membership
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.18.1
See Notes
- (1) The purpose of REC 3.18 is to enable the FSA to monitor changes in the types of member admitted by UK recognised bodies and to ensure that the FSA has notice of foreign jurisdictions in which the members of UK recognised bodies are based. UK recognised bodies may admit persons who are not authorised persons or persons who are not located in the United Kingdom, provided that the recognition requirements continue to be met.
- (2) REC 3.18.2 R focuses on the admission of persons who are not authorised persons (whether or not they are located in the United Kingdom) and on whether the specific recognition requirement relating to access to facilities can still be met. REC 3.18.3 R focuses on the admission of members from outside the UK and whether all relevant recognition requirements can be met.
- (3) The information required under REC 3.18 is relevant to the FSA's supervision of the UK recognised body's obligations in relation to the enforceability of compliance with the UK recognised body's rules. It is also relevant to the FSA's broader responsibilities concerning market confidence and, in particular, its functions in relation to market abuse and financial crime. It may also be necessary in the case of members based outside the United Kingdom to examine the implications for the enforceability of default rules or collateral and the settlement of transactions, and thus the ability of the UK recognised body to continue to meet the recognition requirements. It follows that the admission of a member from outside the United Kingdom who is not an authorised person could require notification under both REC 3.18.2 R and REC 3.18.3 R, although a single report from the UK recognised body covering both notifications would be acceptable to the FSA.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.18.2
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body admits a member who is not an authorised person of a type of which, immediately before that time, that UK recognised body had not admitted to membership, it must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and:
- (1) a description of the type of person whom it is admitting to membership; and
- (2) particulars of its reasons for considering that, in admitting that type of person to membership, it is able to continue to satisfy the recognition requirement in paragraph 4(2)(a) or paragraph 19(2)(a) of the Schedule to the Recognition Requirements Regulations which applies to it.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.18.3
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body admits for the first time a member whose head or registered office is in a jurisdiction from which that UK recognised body has not previously admitted members, it must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and:
- (1) the name of that jurisdiction;
- (2) the name of any regulatory authority in that jurisdiction which regulates that member in respect of activities relating to specified investments; and
- (3) particulars of its reasons for considering that, in admitting a member from that jurisdiction to membership, it is able to continue to satisfy the recognition requirements which apply to it.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.18.4
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.19
Investigations
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.19.1
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body becomes aware that a person has been appointed by any regulatory body (other than the FSA or a UK recognised body) to investigate:
- (1) any business transacted by means of its facilities, if it is an RIE; or
- (2) any aspect of the clearing services which it provides;
it must immediately give the FSA notice of that event.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.19.2
See Notes
A UK recognised body need not give the FSA notice of:
- (1) routine inspections or visits undertaken in the course of regular monitoring, complaints handling or as part of a series of 'theme visits'; or
- (2) routine requests for information; or
- (3) investigations into the conduct of members of the UK recognised body or of other users of its facilities where the use of its facilities is a small or incidental part of the subject matter of the investigation.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.20
Disciplinary action relating to members
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.20.1
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body has taken any disciplinary action against any member or any employee of a member, in respect of a breach of a rule relating to the carrying on by the UK recognised body of any of its regulatory functions, that body must immediately notify the FSA of that event, and give:
- (1) the name of the person concerned;
- (2) details of the disciplinary action taken by the UK recognised body; and
- (3) the UK recognised body's reasons for taking that disciplinary action.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.20.2
See Notes
Where an appeal is lodged against any disciplinary action referred to in REC 3.20.1 R, the UK recognised body must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and:
- (1) the name of the appellant and the grounds on which the appeal is based, immediately; and
- (2) the outcome of the appeal, when known.
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.21
Criminal offences and civil prohibitions
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.21.1
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body has evidence tending to suggest that any person has:
- (1) been carrying on any regulated activity in the United Kingdom in contravention of the general prohibition; or
- (2) been engaged in market abuse; or
- (3) committed a criminal offence under the Act or subordinate legislation made under the Act; or
- (4) committed a criminal offence under Part V of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 (Insider dealing); or
- (5) committed a criminal offence under the Money Laundering Regulations;
it must immediately give the FSA notice of that event, and full details of that evidence in writing.
[Note: Article 26(2), first sentence (part) and Article 43(2), first sentence (part) of MiFID. The rest of Article 26(2), first sentence (in so far as it relates to market operators operating an MTF) and Article 43(2), first sentence of MiFID is implemented by REC 3.25.1 R]
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REC 3.22
Restriction of, or instruction to close out, open positions
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.22.1
See Notes
- 21/06/2001
REC 3.23
Default
- 01/12/2004
REC 3.23.1
See Notes
Where a UK recognised body decides to put a member into default, it must immediately give notice of that event, and give the following information to the FSA, at the same time as that decision is communicated to that member or to any other member (or group or class of them) of that body:
- (1) the name of the member and (where relevant) the class of membership;
- (2) the reasons for that decision; and
- (3) the names of any other exchange or clearing house on which, to the best of that UK recognised body's knowledge, that member clears business or transacts for, or in respect of, its clients;
and as soon as practicable afterwards, give the FSA a summary of the member's open positions, margin liability, cash and collateral balances in respect of that member's accounts (including client accounts).
- 21/06/2001